Volume 3 Number 1, 2025

Preliminary Pages

Rowena T. Tablate

Abstract:

Mathematics plays a crucial role in academic and professional success, yet its instruction often hinders student progress. This study aimed to identify the determinants of first-year student performance in Mathematics in the Modern World (MMW). A descriptive-correlational design was employed, utilizing a questionnaire as the primary data collection method. Analysis indicated that Senior High School GWA, entrance exam scores, study habits and learning styles, classrooms and class size, and school facilities and equipment significantly influenced MMW performance. Based on these findings, the study recommends improving school facilities and equipment; minimize class size, and encouraging students to develop better study habits. Additionally, it suggests aligning instruction with students’ diverse learning styles to improve MMW performance among first-year students.

John F. Villegas

Abstract:

This research study dealt on the mental health status of nursing students of Catanduanes State University, College of Health Sciences, Nursing Department. This research study primarily aimed to assess the mental health status of students at Nursing Department, Catanduanes State University (CatSU). Specifically, it sought to identify the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of sex, year level, and family income, to determine the level of mental health status across five key dimensions: positive self-evaluation, integration of personality, autonomy, perception of reality, and environmental mastery, and to investigate whether there were significant differences in the mental health status of nursing students based on their sex, year level, and family income. This research study employed the quantitative descriptive method utilizing a modified and validated research questionnaire adopted which highlighted the dimensions of positive self-evaluation, integration of personality, autonomy, perception of reality and environmental mastery. This study revealed that the nursing program remains female-dominated, with the highest enrollment in the first year, reflecting the university's official records and the prevailing demographic trends in the province where most families fall within the ₱10,000-₱29,999 monthly income bracket. A major finding was that the mental health status of nursing students, across all demographic profiles, consistently showed that the dimensions of "Integration of Personality" and "Perception of Reality" received the highest scores, indicating students generally agree with statements related to these aspects of mental health. Furthermore, the study found no significant differences in mental health status based on year level or monthly family income. These findings imply that despite the inherent stresses of a nursing program, students generally adapt well, aligning with Sister Callista Roy's Adaptation Theory, which suggests individuals effectively respond to environmental changes. This study is important because it can help nursing educators and administrators. It provides a foundation for clinical instructors to assess students' current mental health, which can then be used to develop programs and projects for interventions. The findings can also contribute to policy-making regarding academic workloads. Ultimately, the goal is to prevent student breakdowns and dropouts, helping them achieve their career aspirations.

John F. Villegas

Abstract:

A study investigated the correlation between secondary school principals' leadership behaviors and school performance in the Division of Catanduanes, Philippines. Utilizing a descriptive-correlational design, the research profiled principals, assessed their leadership styles with the Leadership Behavior Descriptive Questionnaire (LBDQ). As to the level of school performance, the secondary schools were evaluated in terms of the (a) NAT result given during school year 2014-2015; and (b) the 2017 Performance-Based Bonus Evaluation results of the school. This study was conducted covering only those secondary schools in the Division of Catanduanes with school principal plantilla, at least five years in the position as school principal and at least one year as school principal in the school where he/she was assigned. The study revealed that principals predominantly exhibited a task-oriented leadership behavior. However, this behavior showed a negligible correlation with school performance. The study recommended further research into other factors influencing school performance and emphasizes the importance of considering leadership behavior in the selection of school principals.

Al John O. Tenerife

Abstract:

The Solar-Powered Motor for Bangka was developed as an alternative to motorized fishing boat, to address fuel demands in time of fuel crises, and to help improve the standard of living of the fishermen in Catanduanes. This study designed, constructed and tested the technical capacity and acceptability of the Solar Powered Bangka. This research used descriptive developmental research type with survey questionnaires and documentary analysis as the primary data gathering tools. The system designed used DC-DC controller booster, throttle control and motor. The reverse function, universal outboard motor portability, variable power generator and one-man operation of the bangka were the features of the design. As a result of the study, Solar Powered Bangka was designed and developed and tested to be cost effective and efficient. The Solar-Powered Motor for Bangka was constructed very highly capable in terms of durability, capability, technical operation and effectiveness and is highly acceptable in terms of usefulness, ease of use, economic usefulness and portability.

Jairus John T. Clarianes

Abstract:

The Rain Collector, Hybrid Generator and Household Water Source was developed as an affordable and sustainable energy source, designed to reduce the cost of electricity and fuel, promote green energy generation, and enhance the standard of living for people in the island province of Catanduanes. This study designed, developed, and evaluated the effectiveness of the system, which comprises of a rain barrel collector, hybrid generator, and household water source using the DOST Technology Assessment Protocol (TAP–TEEPS). The system was designed to utilize direct current and alternating current voltages to ensure safety and convenience for end-users. The research methodology used involved both descriptive and developmental research methods, using survey questionnaires, documentary analysis, and interviews as primary data gathering tools. The study found that the system could be used for emergency purposes, including collecting water, generating electricity, and watering plants. It provides an alternative source of electricity for appliances and gadgets commonly used during and after typhoons. Additionally, the system complies with the DOST-TEEPS for utility model, making it suitable for use by the target end-users. Overall, it was successfully developed and received high acceptance from a group of expert evaluators who assessed the project.

Volume 3 Number 2, 2025

Preliminary Pages

May G. Yuga, Merlijoy M. Jamero, Joy V. Santelices, Belen M. Tapado

Abstract:

This study developed a Smart Trash Station, an SMS-based monitoring system designed to automate trash-level detection and support data-driven solid waste management. Using ultrasonic sensors, load cells, and an Arduino-GSM communication setup, the system measures waste levels, classifies bin status, and generates real-time SMS alerts when bins reach full capacity. A web dashboard displays synchronized sensor readings, timestamps, and battery levels, enabling continuous monitoring. The system was developed using the Rapid Application Development (RAD) model and refined through iterative prototyping. Data logs collected during deployment showed clear waste-generation patterns and timely responses to SMS alerts, demonstrating the system’s ability to provide actionable insights for scheduling and resource allocation. Hardware and software evaluations based on ISO/IEC 25010 yielded a “Very Highly Acceptable” rating, confirming its reliability, usability, and operational suitability. The Smart Trash Station offers an efficient, scalable, and low-cost solution that strengthens institutional compliance with solid waste management requirements and enhances evidence-based waste collection processes.

April Grace Lazado-Maca

Abstract:

Ang mga umiiral na kaugalian, paniniwala at danas sa pagpapatayo ng bahay sa lalawigan ng Catanduanes ay mabusising inilarawan sa pamamagitan ng penomenolohikal na pamamaraan. Ang proseso ng pagpapatayo ng bahay ay hindi lamang teknikal na proyekto, kundi isang kolektibong pagsisikap na nagbubuklod sa pamilya at pamayanan. Ang koordinasyon, pagtutulungan, at maayos na pagpaplano ay susi sa tagumpay ng pagtatayo ng tahanan. Ang mga Catandunganon ay may malalim na paniniwala sa kahalagahan ng mga pamahiin sa pagpapatayo ng bahay sapagkat hindi lamang ito tungkol sa praktikal na aspeto ng konstruksyon, kundi pati na rin sa pag-aalaga ng positibong enerhiya sa loob ng tahanan. Ang mga simbolo ng kasaganaan, yaman, at kaligtasan ay laging isinasaalang-alang upang matiyak ang magaan at masaganang buhay para sa pamilya. Ang mga paniniwala ng mga Catandunganon ay nagpapakita ng isang malalim na koneksyon sa kultura at tradisyon. Ang mga ritwal at pamahiin na isinagawa ay nagbibigay ng pakiramdam ng seguridad at proteksyon para sa bagong tahanan at sa pamilya na naninirahan dito. Ang maayos na paghahanda at determinasyon ay naging susi upang malampasan ang mga hamon at maipagpatuloy ang pagtatayo ng bahay. Ang bawat pagsubok at tagumpay ay nagbibigay-daan sa pagbuo ng masayang tahanan at nagiging repleksyon ng samahan at pagbabayanihan.

Ma. Sofia S. Llaguno

Abstract:

Ang pag-aaral na ito ay isinagawa upang tumugon sa pangangailangang makabuo ng makabuluhang kagamitang panturo sa Filipino na may mataas na antas ng motibasyon at kontekstuwal na bisa. Iminungkahing gamitin ang mga Orihinal Pilipino Music (OPM) na likha ni Dr. Joel C. Malabanan bilang lunsaran sa pagtuturo ng wika at panitikan sa antas sekondarya. Isinangkot sa teoretikal na pundasyon ng pag-aaral ang Textualism theory (Manning, 1997), Constructivism theory (Piaget), Instructional Theory (Gagne), at Quasi-Experimental Design, na humantong sa pagbuo ng Llaguno’s Theory of Musical Pedagogy - isang disenyong nagpapalagay na ang musika ay sentro ng motibasyon at makabuluhang koneksyon sa pagkatuto. Gamit ang inangkop na alituntunin at proseso para sa pagtatasa at ebalwasyon ng LRMDS: Formularyo ng marka para sa nakalimbag na kagamitan, sinuri ang dalawampung OPM batay sa nilalaman, kabuluhan, at antas ng pagkatuto. Isinagawa rin ang pagpaparinig ng mga awitin sa mga mag-aaral sa ikapitong baitang upang masukat ang antas ng pag-unawa. Lumabas sa resulta na karamihan sa mga awitin ay may malikhain at masining na pahayag, tumatalakay sa mga temang makabayan at moral. Napag-alamang ang mga awitin ay angkop, epektibo, at kapaki-pakinabang sa pagpapalalim ng kasanayang pangwika at pampanitikan ng mga mag-aaral. Ipinakita rin ng interbensyon ang mataas na antas ng pag-unawa, lalo na sa mga awiting may kontemporaryong tema. Ang paggamit ng OPM ay isang makabago at epektibong estratehiya sa pagtuturo ng Filipino. Inirerekomenda ang integrasyon ng musika sa kurikulum at ang mas malawak na pananaliksik sa interdisiplinaring paggamit nito sa edukasyon.

Beatrice Jillana D.C. Arejola, Inero V. Ancho, Melissa P. Ferido, Helga P. Vergara, Rufo Gil Z. Albor

Abstract:

This study explored Korean cultural consumption among Filipino late middle-aged adults, focusing on their motivations for watching K-dramas and the meanings they attach to sustained viewing. Using an interpretive phenomenological approach, in-depth interviews were conducted to elicit participants’ lived experiences of K-drama engagement in late middle age. The findings show that sustained consumption is influenced by several interconnected motivations, such as emotional regulation and narrative relief, social connection and relational bonding, cultural curiosity and selective identification, feasibility through evolving platforms, and pandemic intensification as a situational trigger. Participants also described Korean cultural consumption as a meaning-laden practice structured by emotional, social-relational, and cultural meaning domains embedded in midlife routines and role demands. This study extends Hallyu and media consumption scholarship by centering Filipino late middle-aged adults, an underexamined audience segment in largely youth-focused Korean Wave research, and by articulating the interpretive phenomenological meaning structure that organizes sustained K-drama engagement. In the Philippine context, the findings demonstrate how Korean cultural consumption is woven into midlife work and family routines as an accessible resource for emotional restoration, relational maintenance, and culturally mediated learning, with implications for more inclusive audience framings and culturally responsive engagement. The study underscores the value of examining transnational media consumption as a lived, socially situated practice and offers insights for future research on aging, media use, and cultural consumption in the Philippines.

Caroline S. Balway

Abstract:

This study examined the streamlining of documentary requirements for the renewal of the Certificate of Public Convenience (CPC) at the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB). Using a qualitative exploratory case study design, data were collected from ten participants through observations, open-ended questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews, and were analyzed thematically. Findings revealed that several requirements, including proof of financial capacity, OR/CR, DTI registration, and proof of citizenship, were perceived as redundant because they had already been submitted in prior transactions or were verifiable through existing government databases. Participants also reported significant challenges such as long processing time, financial costs, and difficulty securing documents due to administrative delays and reliance on other offices. Streamlining these requirements was seen to reduce processing steps, shorten transaction time, lower expenses, and improve transparency and service efficiency. Based on these results, the study recommends digitizing LTO and DTI verification, removing ITR resubmission during renewal, and implementing a pilot test of streamlined processes in one regional office. These practical measures can enhance institutional efficiency, reduce opportunities for discretionary practices, and support more responsive, citizen-centered public service delivery.

Myrna Mar A. Morgado

Abstract:

This study examines the digitalization of building permit systems by analyzing global best practices and adapting them to the Philippine context to propose a practical and scalable electronic permitting (e-permitting) framework. Anchored in a structured research paradigm, the study begins with an extensive review of international models from Sweden, Estonia, Denmark, and South Korea, highlighting innovations such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), three-dimensional Geographic Information Systems (3D GIS), and payment-based user authentication systems. These global practices are analyzed alongside selected local initiatives in Philippine cities and municipalities to identify institutional gaps, implementation challenges, and opportunities at the local government unit (LGU) level. Using a qualitative research design and thematic analysis of forty-seven peer-reviewed articles, government reports, and case studies, the study identifies key themes, including automation, transparency, interoperability, and stakeholder collaboration. The findings underscore the need for updated legal frameworks, strengthened information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure, capacity-building programs, and inclusive stakeholder engagement. The resulting framework is tailored to local administrative and technological capacities and proposes a phased, cloud-based, and secure digital permitting system that aligns national mandates with on-the-ground realities. Overall, the proposed framework aims to enhance efficiency, transparency, and accountability in building permit processes across Philippine local governments.

Preliminary Pages

Edwin T. Romero, Gregorio A. Eubra

Abstract:

This study developed a DC Electrical System of Solar Powered Residential Shanty as a modified and innovative technological resource for renewable energy awareness. The research designed, constructed, and tested a direct current system that operated with altered loads for household use. The system demonstrated technical simplicity and cost-effectiveness through its inverter-free design and modified low-cost controller circuits. The study employed descriptive and developmental research methods using survey questionnaires, documentary analysis, and interviews. Validation involved 5 experts from electrical technology schools and 25 end-users from 4 barangays in Pandan, Catanduanes. Data analysis using weighted means revealed the system's versatility in different power ratings and its effectiveness as an alternative energy source for domestic appliances, particularly during calamities and power interruptions. Expert validation yielded highly satisfactory ratings across technical capacity, economic viability, environmental soundness, political acceptability, and social acceptability. The system proved successful in construction and implementation, receiving strong acceptance from both expert validators and end-users.

Edwin T. Romero, Ramon S. Idanan, Jefferson E. Urbano

Abstract:

This research accomplished the design, construction, and evaluation of a Solar-Wind Hybrid (SOW-Hy) Electric Tricycle as a sustainable transportation alternative. The tricycle combines innovative features, including solar, wind, and pedal-powered charging systems. The tricycle demonstrated important technical feasibility, economic viability, and environmental sustainability through validating and processing results from user’s survey. The study's results highlight the potential of such hybrid systems to lessen dependence on fossil fuels, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and raise sustainable mobility. Future research will focus on improving the energy storage system and extending the tricycle's functioning range.

Jacqueline A. Quintal, Genelyn Alilly C. San Juan

Abstract:

This study aimed to make gluten-free noodles using locally available crops as non-wheat flour sources, providing accessible noodle options for individuals with gluten intolerance while supporting local agricultural economies. It used a composite mixture incorporating mung bean flour (MBF) and taro flour (TF) in different proportions: 25% MBF: 75% TF, 50% MBF: 50% TF, 75% MBF: 25% TF, and a control with 100% all-purpose flour (APF). Fifteen trained panelists evaluated the quality characteristics of the noodles through quality scoring, while 40 consumers determined the level of acceptability through a 9-point hedonic scale. Increasing the proportion of mung bean flour compared to taro flour in the composite flour mixture resulted in a more pronounced color, aroma, and flavor, while all treatments achieved an “al dente” texture. Noodles with a 75% MBF: 25% TF ratio received the highest mean ratings in terms of color (6.47±0.75), aroma (5.23±1.07), texture (4.27±1.98), and flavor (4.60±1.67). in terms of acceptability, the 100% APF noodles were “liked very much” in terms of color (7.7±1.1), texture (7.9±0.9), and overall liking (7.5±0.8). Although APF noodles received the highest ratings for aroma and flavor, they were rated as “liked moderately” alongside the 50% MBF: 50% TF and 75% MBF: 25% TF noodles. While color acceptability was consistent across treatments, texture ratings significantly favored the APF noodles. The 50% MBF: 50% TF and 75% MBF: 25% TF noodles showed no significant differences from APF noodles in aroma, flavor, and overall liking, suggesting their potential to make noodles without adversely affecting consumer acceptance. Future research should explore additional ingredients and processes, such as other hydrocolloids and starch pre-gelatinization, to enhance the quality and acceptability, particularly of the 50% MBF: 50% TF and 75% MBF: 25% TF noodles.

Ma. Cecilia T. Arcilla

Abstract:

Flying fish are extensively fished for food and as baitfish in Southern Catanduanes. This fishery has existed over time and supported the livelihood of municipal fishers in the area. However, no studies have been conducted in order to determine the species of flying fish and its reproductive biology which could be used as basis for its management and conservation. This study was conducted from March to May 2019 and February to June 2020 with the aim of identifying the species of flying fish and determine its reproductive biology. Species of flying fish were identified using morphological characteristics. Five species belonging to two genera (Cheilopogon and Cypselurus) were identified from the fishing ground. For the reproductive biology, gonad samples from Cheilopogon spilopterus were collected on a monthly basis and morphological and histological examinations were conducted. Results showed that the sex ratio of 1 M: 1.2 F is not significantly different from the expected ratio of 1:1 (df = 1; χ2 (0.05) = 3.841). Higher gonadosomatic index (GSI) was observed in March, April and May of both years. During this period, only three developmental stages were observed both morphologically and histologically, namely (1) maturing, (2) mature and (3) spent stages. Different stages of oocyte development were also observed. Mature individuals of this species are found from March to May which coincides with the peak fishing season in the area. Knowledge about the species of flying fish as well as its reproductive biology will aid fisheries managers to device management plan in order to avoid overexploitation and eventual depletion of this resource in the local waters.

Sharmaine C. Biñas

Abstract:

Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) is a globally important crop prized for its starchy tuberous roots. However, it is highly susceptible to rot causing fungal pathogens, particularly due to mechanical damage from poor postharvest handling during storage and market display. This study examined the fungal pathogens associated with rot diseases in sweetpotatoes sold at the Virac Public Market, Catanduanes, Philippines March to July 2023. Sixty-six (66) sweetpotatoes were randomly collected and brought to the laboratory. Putative fungal pathogens were isolated using aseptic techniques, and identified based on their morphological characteristics in PDA cultures and through light microscopy. The most common rot symptoms observed include light to dark brown, circular to irregularly shaped, dry and sunken lesions with or without concentric rings, measured an average of 140 mm with white conspicuous white whiskers-like mycelial growth. Predominant pathogens isolated from the advancing margins were putatively identified as Rhizopus sp. (48.3%), Aspergillus sp. RDS-S02 (18.8%), Aspergillus sp. RDS-S03 (6.25%), Aspergillus sp. RDS-S04 (12.5%), and Fusarium sp. (10.3%). Moreover, eleven (11) vendors from purposively selected stalls were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire to assess the vendors’ handling practices during display and storage of sweetpotato. Despite 100% of the vendor are aware of disease symptoms and crop malformations, proper handling practices, particularly during storage and display, were not consistently observed. Local vendors often neglect proper hygiene, which spreads pathogens and causes damage. They also store tuberous roots in warm, humid conditions inside wooden or plastic crates conducive to growth of rot causing fungal pathogens.

April Grace Lazado-Maca, Josephine R. Tomagan

Abstract:

Pangunahing layunin ng pag-aaral na ito na masuri ang tema at pinagmulan ng mga barangay sa bawat bayan ng Catanduanes. Ang pag-aaral na ito ay gumamit ng kuwali-kuwantitatibong pamamaraan ng pag-aaral. Ginamit ang pagsusuring pangnilalaman sa pagtukoy sa pagbuo ng pangalan ng mga barangay sa Catanduanes. Sinipat ang pagkakabuo ng mga barangay batay sa morpoponemikong pagbabago. Ito ay binigyan ng malalim na pagsusuri at interpretasyon. Samantala, ang kuwantitatibong pamamaraan ay makikita sa pagtukoy sa mga naging tema na nakapaloob sa mga pangalan ng barangay. Nagsagawa rin ng pagsasalin ng mga datos sa kasaysayan ng mga barangay na siyang naging awtput ng pag-aaral at batayan sa pagkakabuo ng glosaryo. Marami ang bilang ng pangalan ng mga barangay na ang pangalan ay nabuo galing o binatay sa mga Santo/Santa na kanilang pinaniniwalaan sa kanilang lugar. Ang mga barangay sa Catanduanes ay ipinangalan o nabuo noong panahon kung kailan nandito pa naninirahan o namumuno ang mga dayuhan isa na dito ang Espanyol. May mga pangalan ng lugar na ibang-iba sa orihinal o una nitong pangalan sa dahilang may mga pagkakataon na mas minabuti ng mga tao na baguhin ang pangalan ng lugar para mas mapadali ang pagbigkas dito o kaya nama’y mas madali itong matandaan. Inirekomenda na ang binuong awtput ng pananaliksik ay maaaring gamitin sa pagtuturo-pagkatuto sa mga paksang ukol sa panitikang lokal, kasaysayan, at panglingguwistikang paksain.

Jimmylen Z. Tonio

Abstract:

As part of the Philippine government's initiative to incorporate women's issues into its plans and initiatives while mainstreaming gender-related activities, the use of gender-fair language in all workplace communications has been advocated. This study investigates the recognition, attitude, willingness, and challenges pertaining to the implementation of gender-fair language within seven government agencies and offices in one of the provinces in the Philippines. Drawing upon the data collected through a Gender-Fair Test and modified ISANL-G questionnaire conducted among 100 government employees, the findings reveal several key insights. First, government personnel exhibit low accuracy in identifying gender-fair language, indicating a need for improved understanding. They also struggle to recognize non-gender fair language, reflecting a lack of awareness of gender biases. Second, employees have an 'undecided' attitude toward gender-fair language, despite moderate willingness to adopt it. Third, challenges include insufficient training, resistance to change, potential misinterpretation, communication issues, cultural influences, and lack of guidelines. To address these challenges, recommended institutional level interventions involve awareness raising, training, and fostering a positive attitude toward inclusive language, online workshops, collaboration with experts, and policy development. These measures aim to promote gender equality and inclusivity within government agencies in Catanduanes.

Lani A. Ilagan

Abstract:

This study evaluates the impacts of Catanduanes State University’s extension program, CatSU Airlink (Ugnayan sa Himpapawid), a radio initiative serving two municipalities in Catanduanes, as they were only reached by the broadcast at that time. Initially focused on traditional radio broadcasts, CatSU Airlink has evolved to incorporate modern technology, expanding its reach through platforms like Facebook Live. This transition enhances communication and information dissemination, marking a shift toward a contemporary outreach approach. Employing a mixed-methods strategy, the research involved quantitative and qualitative data collection through structured questionnaires and interviews with 100 respondents across ten barangays. Led by the College of Science, particularly the Natural Science Department, the program addresses global environmental issues while emphasizing the interconnectedness of nature. Findings indicate a strong level of effectiveness, with participants demonstrating significant knowledge gains and skill improvements. Attitudes and behaviors were also rated highly effective, reflecting a positive community impact. To sustain and further enhance the program, recommendations include continuous monitoring and evaluation to align the curriculum with community needs and the establishment of regular feedback mechanisms to gather participant insights. In conclusion, this evaluation underscores the effectiveness of the community extension services provided to local residents over five years. By implementing the outlined recommendations, CatSU Airlink can ensure ongoing success and enhance its initiatives, fostering a lasting positive impact on the community.

Jimmylen Z. Tonio

Abstract:

This study examines the linguistic features and motivations for code-switching among bilingual teachers and students in English classrooms, a phenomenon with significant implications for language learning and pedagogy. Code-switching, the alternation between languages, is particularly relevant in multilingual educational contexts like English classrooms, where it serves as both a communication and instructional strategy. Through audio recordings of classroom interactions, analyzed using quantitative and qualitative methods, the study found that intra-sentential code-switching was the most prevalent form used by both teachers and students. Key motivations for code-switching included concept instruction, reiteration for clarity, and facilitating communication. Notably, no significant differences were observed in the linguistic features of code-switching between teachers and students, indicating that age and role did not significantly influence these practices. The findings hold theoretical significance in the current educational context, where fostering bilingual competence is a priority. Code-switching reflects the dynamic interplay of linguistic systems in bilinguals and highlights its pedagogical potential as a scaffold for learning. By using code-switching strategically, educators can bridge linguistic gaps, enhance comprehension, and support learners' cognitive and cultural development. However, these benefits must be weighed against potential drawbacks, such as reduced target language exposure, which may impede language acquisition in the long term. This study underscores the importance of understanding when and how code-switching can be used effectively in language instruction. In the multilingual settings of today’s classrooms, code-switching can serve as an adaptive strategy to balance accessibility and immersion. Future research should delve into its long-term impact on language development and identify best practices for its integration into teaching methodologies. This is especially significant as educators navigate the complexities of multilingual education in a globalized world.

Patricia May O. dela Cueva, Inero V. Ancho, Helga P. Vergara, Eric Paul D. Peralta, Daisy Pelegrina

Abstract:

Gender identity remains to be a concept that is mostly seen as linear to one's sex, gender, gender expression, and gender roles, especially in the Philippine context which greatly affects not only the welfare of individuals with nonconforming gender identities but also the relationships formed by them. This study mainly aimed to explore gender identity discovery in a more positive outlook, how it affected their relationships within their environment, while also incorporating art and how it could be a creative outlet for expressing their emotions and advocacies. A phenomenological approach was employed which enabled the researcher to gather the lived experiences of nine (9) college students from a state university in Los Banos through a face-to-face interview. Utilizing thematic analysis in this study indicated how the participants have expressed a more positive feeling and mindset towards themselves and others after discovering their gender identity. The results also showed how most of the environments in which the participants chose to disclose their gender identity have made a greater impact on their confidence which motivated them even more to explore their identity. Despite these positive feelings and impacts, those negative experiences can never be left behind in order to create such strong and confident individuals. The results also showed how art is seen as a powerful tool of self-expression yet still a weak but flourishing tool when it comes to making a change in such a heteronormative society as the Philippines.

Preliminary Pages

Ma. Sofia S. Llaguno and Jovert R. Balunsay

Abstract:

Sadyang mayaman sa samot-saring panitikan ang mga rehiyon sa bansa. Sa papel na ito, nilikom at sinuri ng mga mananaliksik ang hinggil sa mga naratibong kaugnay ng Ilihan Point. Gamit ang pakikipanayam, transkripsiyon at pagsusuri ay inalam ng mga mananaliksik ang iba’t ibang danas, istorya, at historya ng mga Bagamanocnon kaugnay ng Ilihan. Sentro ng pagsusuri ang pag-alam sa mga umiiral na paksa, pagpapahalaga, at aspektong kultural na nahango sa mga naratibo. At dahil dito ay napag-alaman ng mga mananaliksik na ang paksang umiiral sa mga naratibo ay tungkol sa kalikasan, mga supernatural na nilalang, at marami pang iba. Pinakamaraming nahangong pagpapahalaga sa mga naratibo ay ang katatagan. Samantala, napagtanto ring repleksiyon ng paniniwala, kaugalian, at tradisyon ang nasabing mga akda. Ito ang nagbunsod sa mga mananaliksik upang imungkahing gawing dagdag na suplimentaryong kagamitang panturo ang mga nalikom na naratibo.

Jimmylen Z. Tonio, Romeleen S. Go-Vela and Ma. Sofia S. Llaguno

Abstract:

The sudden shift to flexible learning due to COVID-19 necessitated a reevaluation of assessment practices in higher education. This study explored State Universities and Colleges' (SUCs) English Language Educators' (ELEs) perceptions of their Language Assessment Literacy (LAL) within flexible learning environments. Employing a quantitative approach, a questionnaire adapted from Grialdo's (2018) LAL checklist was used. Frequency analysis of data collected from SUC ELEs examined their perceptions across various LAL domains. Thirty (30) SUC ELEs were chosen to participate in the study using non-probability sampling, specifically purposive-convenience sampling. They answered yes/no questions about their knowledge, skills, and ethical considerations related to assessment. Findings revealed a strong foundation in knowledge related to applied linguistics and assessment theory among SUC ELEs. They emphasized diverse and formative assessment practices, prioritizing ethical considerations. However, variability existed in data analysis skills, and not all participants utilized advanced statistical software. However, the study relied on self-reported perceptions, potentially not reflecting actual practices. Additionally, using a single model (Giraldo's) might limit capturing the full range of LAL skills. Finally, focusing on SUC ELEs in the Philippines restricts generalizability to other educational contexts. Despite these limitations, the study suggests a generally strong foundation in LAL among SUC ELEs. This study highlights the overall strength of LAL among SUC ELEs, particularly in knowledge and ethical considerations. It also identifies areas for development in advanced data analysis and technology integration for assessment design and interpretation. These findings inform the need for targeted professional development programs to further enhance SUC ELEs' LAL and empower them to design effective assessments in flexible learning environments.

Rosana S. Abundo

Abstract:

Teaching as a profession is about inspiring and motivating students to realize and exceed their potential, hence the greatest teachers have devoted their lives in inspiring and empowering their students to become good human beings. Nevertheless, men and women in the teaching profession are challenged with the various functions they have to perform especially during the new normal landscape in education, hence motivation to work is at stake. This sequential explanatory mixed methods study delved into the work motivation of 119 men and women in the Catanduanes State University. The quantitative results revealed a high level of motivation along aspects of self-determination theory but with no significant difference between the sexes. Moreover, qualitative results specifically capture the experiences of the men and women in the teaching profession. They are motivated by their innate drive for teaching, drive for comfort and security as well as drive for competence. Both the results of the two phases of the study characterized work motivation to be highly considered in policy formulation and management planning of the university. Mixing the quantitative and qualitative results recommends that the findings may be highly considered in the policy formulation and management planning of the university along faculty development.

Amy Tud-Moraña

Abstract:

This developmental research aimed to develop and evaluate module on historical sites and structures in Bicol region using the sociocognitive-transformative materials design model for utilization of GEC students in the course “Mga Babasahin Hinggil sa Kasaysayan ng Pilipinas” specifically in HEIs in Bicol Region. Further, it was undertaken to respond to the need for development of materials in Filipino in the General Education courses under the New General Education Curriculum in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), to support the research agenda on development and preservation of Bicol identity and culture, and to carry out the mandate of Commission on Higher Education (CHED) as stated in the National Cultural Heritage Act of 2009 and the Constitution. The development and evaluation of the module undergone design, development, evaluation and revision phases. Findings revealed that the developed and evaluated module passed all the criteria of evaluation of print materials as shown in the overall mean scores on content, format, presentation and organization and on the accuracy and up-to-datedness of information as evaluated by practitioner-evaluators. Since the module anchored its pedagogical principles and concepts on socio-cognitive perspectives and transformative learning, the abstract learning theory was translated into specific teaching-learning process to bridge theory and practice. From the data analysis results, it can be deduced that the researcher-made module can be a very good supplementary learner’s material in regional/local history and can be adapted for use in General Education course. It is further recommended for copyright, publication and production.

Joseph G. Zafe, Maricel S. Cariaso, Dennis T. Teves and Reimarl M. Fuentebella

Abstract:

This qualitative research aimed to determine the courtship practices in Catanduanes by exploring the values, activities, communication methods, and challenges encountered by different generations during courtship. The study identified three phases of courtship: attraction, comfort and trust, and seduction. Findings revealed that personality traits such as kindness, courtesy, respect, humor, responsibility, sweetness, and caring, as well as physical attractiveness, play significant roles in mutual attraction. Comfort and trust were built through activities like gift-giving, socialization, getting to know each other, acts of service, traditional serenades ("Harana"), and bridging. Intimacy was fostered through seduction activities such as holding hands, hugging, cuddling, kissing, and sexual intercourse. The transition between traditional and modern communication methods reflected local norms and beliefs. Challenges in courtship included jealousy, third-party involvement, and financial and health issues. The study recommends further research on courtship evolution, married life, and parenting styles in Catanduanes, suggesting their inclusion in the school curriculum to strengthen family foundations and promote community harmony.

Dreamelyn V. Ragasa, Inero V. Ancho, Sue Liza C. Saguiguit, Helga P. Vergara and Daisy V. Pelegrina

Abstract:

The suspension of religious activities during the community quarantine had significant impacts on various religious groups, particularly vulnerable populations such as senior citizens. This study aimed to examine the effects of the quarantine on the religious status of Filipino senior citizens. Using a qualitative research design, specifically a hermeneutic phenomenological approach, the researchers conducted in-depth interviews with seven senior citizens selected through convenience sampling. The interviews utilized open-ended questions and thematic analysis was employed to gain a comprehensive understanding of each participant's religious experiences. The findings revealed that although the seniors faced stringent protocols and limitations due to their age, their religious affiliations remained unaffected, and their faith became stronger and more profound. The study also highlighted their reliance on God during this challenging time and their longing for companionship. The study recommends the implementation of a weekly gathering specifically for senior citizens to enhance their social and physical well-being to address the unique needs of seniors and provide them with support and companionship within their religious community.

Preliminary Pages

Eduardo D. Peña

Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted which consisted of four (4) foundation rice varieties as treatments replicated four (4) times in an experimental lot measuring 30 by 15 m using the randomized complete block design (RCBD) to evaluate the performance of the different foundation rice varieties based on the agro-morphological characteristics at Panganiban, Catanduanes during the 2020/2021 cropping season. Results revealed that the different foundation rice seed varieties were significantly different in terms of their agro-morphological performance in response to the prevailing weather pattern during the cropping season. Foundation rice seed variety NSIC Rc 242 produced the highest yield, tallest plant height, few missing hills, and the most significant number of grains per panicle. Variety NSIC Rc 400 gave the most significant number of tillers and the longest panicle. The highest number of productive tillers was noted on NSIC Rc 15. The NSIC Rc 438 yielded the highest percentage of filled grains and the earliest maturity. Analysis of variance for the different agro-morphological characteristics indicated significant mean differences in plant height (F=6.59 and p<0.05), tillering capacity (F=19.68 and p<0.05), length of panicle (F=18.70 and p<0.05), number of grains/panicle (F=6.71 and p<0.05), and percentage of filled grains (F=10.35 and p<0.05). Grain yield, missing hills per plot, and the number of productive tillers were similar among treatments. NSIC Rc 242, being the highest yielder, tallest height, few missing hills, and greatest number of grains per panicle is highly recommended for adoption at Panganiban, Catanduanes prevailing weather pattern.

Jovert R. Balunsay and Susan M. Tindugan

Abstract:

Patuloy pa ring nadarama ng mundo ang naging epekto nang nagdaang pandemyang COVID-19. Halos lahat ng sektor ng lipunan ay apektado nito. Umabot sa milyon-milyong tao ang nagkasakit, nahawahan, at namatay. Marami na ring negosyo ang nagsara, nagbukas, at muling nalugi dahil sa mga patakarang pangkapaligiran. Sa kabila ng lahat ng ito, sadyang marami pa rin ang may salat na kaalaman sa pandemya, kung paano ito maiiwasan, at kung paano ito mapaglalabanan. Sa papel na ito, sinikap tuklasin ng mga mananaliksik ang mga terminolohiyang umusbong, ginamit, kaugnay, at maididikit sa pandemya at binigyan ito ng kahulugan sa wikang Filipino. Sa ganitong paraan, naniniwala ang mga mananaliksik na mas mailalapit sa masa ang mga leksiyong turo ng pandemya. Batay sa matiim na pangangalap ng datos, nalikom ang 940 mga pananalita na mula sa 20 magkakaibang dominyo mula sa medisina, agham, hanggang sa edukasyon, sosyolohiya, musika, at marami pang iba. Bawat salita ay sinuri ang kinabibilangang bahagi ng panalita at paraan ng pagkakabuo na humantong sa mga may-akda upang mabuo ang COVIDIKSIYONARYO na siyang awtput ng pag-aaral na ito.

Ramon Felipe A. Sarmiento, Joel Jordan, Ma. Nena T. Vital and Maricel S. Cariaso

Abstract:

Using a combination of research methods, this study aimed to 1) describe the lived experience of the survivors of super typhoon Rolly (with international name “Goni”) in Catanduanes in terms of their preparations; 2) reconstruct their worldview regarding typhoons and preparation practices in dealing with them; and 3) identify policy implications as indicated by the lived experiences. Specifically, this investigation used case-study approach to capture the lived experiences and network analysis to describe the refuge-seeking behavior. Findings indicate that the survivors faced typhoon Rolly according to what may be called a “culture of resiliency” cultivated through many previous experiences of typhoons. It is comprising of 1) a worldview that takes typhoons as integral part of reality that constantly shape their lives, an attitude of acceptance and facing up to its challenges; and 2) a set of proven practices in mitigating its impact, including the use of social capital of informal network for refuge-seeking and accessing resources for basic necessities for survival and building back to normalcy. A salient character of the Catandunganons’ enterprise of disaster mitigation is its social class dimension: dealing with typhoons is differentiated according to the divide between the “haves” and the “have-nots.” Findings too imply on policy formation by the institutionalized stakeholders such as the local government. Basically, it is suggested that planning for disaster mitigating must be based on the assumption that the people have indigenous knowledge and resources in effective dealing with the impact of typhoons. Among other recommendations, it is specifically desirable to (1) make “ayuda” to be more proactive to include the giving out of goods for anticipatory buttressing of houses and other preparatory measures; (2) create building technologies that also target those of modest means.

Ricardo V. Arcilla Jr. and Ma. Cecilia T. Arcilla

Abstract:

This paper aims to provide data about the sources of vulnerability of coastal communities in Southern Catanduanes Island, particularly in its capital town Virac, especially to immediate, acute impacts of climate change (e.g., storm surge, ocean warming, etc.). A participatory assessment of the vulnerability of coastal communities was conducted using the Integrated Coastal Sensitivity, Exposure and Adaptive Capacity for Climate Change (I-C-Sea Change) tool. This tool was used to gather data based on a series of scoring rubrics intended to provide scores for sensitivity and lack of adaptive capacity particularly for coastal habitats like corals, seagrass and mangroves along with fisheries and coastal integrity. Scores for the sensitivity and LAC were then weighed against a threat or exposure to climate-related impacts based on existing projections. A total of 20 coastal communities/barangays were covered. Results showed that in terms of sensitivity, 18 out of 20 coastal communities scored moderate while two (2) out of 20 coastal communities scored low. Moderate scores are attributable to several factors like the condition of the coastal habitats, dependence on fisheries and coastal integrity. The low scores for the two coastal communities of Palnab del Sur and Palnab del Norte is associated with the good condition of its corals, seagrass and mangroves as well as the low dependence on fishery and the present condition of the coastline. In terms of LAC scores, all coastal communities scored moderate. Although other areas reported the absence of key coastal habitats like mangroves or seagrass, it is compensated by other indicators of adaptive capacity like human activity (no land conversion and deviation from approved CLUP), education, as well as the presence of a marine protected area/fish sanctuary in four (4) of the 20 barangays namely Magnesia del Sur, Magnesia del Norte, Marilima and Batag. Exposure score is moderate for sea surface temperature and wave exposure index, and high for sea surface height based on climate change projections since no site-specific data are available. Overall, the vulnerability to climate change impacts of the coastal communities in Southern Catanduanes, particularly its capital town of Virac, is moderate implying that these coastal communities are somehow vulnerable to climate change impacts and immediate actions to mitigate these impacts are imperative. The use of the I-C-Sea Change Tool provided initial profile of the vulnerabilities of the coastal communities which can be used as guide for decision making and prioritization of areas and actions.

Jose Z. Tria

Abstract:

The music of Catanduanes is a rich and diverse collection of borrowed and unique styles, reflecting the cultural and artistic experiences of its people. This study aims to document the official hymn of Catanduanes, "Catanduanes Beloved" or "Inang Catandungan," and analyze its rhythmic, melodic, and harmonic structure, providing unique musical characteristics. The lyrics, written by Macario Arcilla, and the melody, originating from old recollections of the Catandungan community, relate directly and indirectly to the geographical, historical, and philosophical function of the song. The findings of the study revealed that the song uses a combination of quarters, eighths, dotted eighths, and sixteenth notes, evoking the feel of a habanera or danza style in its rhythmic element. The melody ranges one and a half octaves and has a simple, child-like ambiance, combining the notes of the major scale with the occasional use of accidentals. The harmonic structure of the song evokes the major tonality, utilizing chords such as the tonic, sub-dominant, and dominant, with the added taste of a dominant seventh and raised tonic note. Although the music was influenced by the Spaniards, its message demonstrates aspects of Catandungan life. Pedagogical recommendations were identified, as this constitutes an avenue for music education and a vehicle for cultural continuity. Through the lens of "Catanduanes Beloved" or "Inang Catandungan," which is the official hymn of Catanduanes, this analysis helps to create a sense of identity for the Catandunganon, as well as for Bicolanos and Filipinos in general.

Preliminary Pages

Belen M. Tapado, John Gregory M. Bola, Erickson T. Salazar, Zcel T. Tablizo

Abstract:

Globalization of products and services demands improvement of an organization’s performance. Along with product and service delivery improvement challenges, companies need to focus not only on meeting customer expectations but also on surpassing them. As such, valuing the opinions of customers, giving the best customer experience, and measuring customer satisfaction are deemed vital not just for the company’s survival but also for gaining a competitive edge in the wired communities. It is because of these premises that the Client Satisfaction Survey Feedback system was developed in this study. The results of the Client Satisfaction Survey from School Year 2015-2016 to School Year 2020-2021 were captured and keyed, interpretations were provided, and actions for the improvement of service delivery for each department in this university were recommended by the system through the employment of Decision Support System technic. The system developed was a browser-based application which means that software and technologies such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript were used for the frontend development, MySQL and PHP for the backend, and Apache as the local server of the system. Software Testing Standards specified under ISO/IEC 9126 which are functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency, maintainability, and portability were the parameters employed to evaluate the system. Technical experts and end users evaluated the system as “Excellent” which means that they believe that the developed system would be beneficial for use in the university.

Ramon F. Samonte

Abstract:

This study aimed to conserve the Philippine native carabao's adaptability with resilient traits to diseases and environmental elements focused on ensuring food security and income for small-scale carabao farmers. A total of sixty (60) carabaos were characterized which comprised of thirty (30) carabulls and thirty (30) caracows, and sixty (60) carabao farmers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire randomly. Assessing the qualitative characteristics of the samples, findings showed that carabaos in the Viga, Bagamanoc and Panganiban were predominantly native (78.33%) and upgraded (21.37%). These carabaos were found have 457.2 kg body weight, 182.4 cm heart girth,138.3cm shoulder height, 149.0 cm body length, 70.4 cm tail length, 44.3 cm length of head 25.3 cm width of the head and 138.1 cm height of hips, on the average. Thus, a standard error (SE) of more than 0.5 showed a close relationship between the variance and manifest inbreeding. Moreover, these carabaos were commonly used in land preparation and as source of food for human consumption (carabeef), singly or both, while rarely as source of milk. Recordkeeping (60%), tethering (90%), deworming (68.3%), vaccination (70%), provision of housing or shed (75%), and branding (58.3%) were found adopted by farmers interviewed. Likewise, five problems were met namely indiscriminate age of slaughtering, weak carabao dispersal program, diseases, lack of farmer contact with extension workers, and lack of pasture due to land conversion. Based on the findings of this study, introduction of purebred stock, adoption of improved modified management practices, more linkages with academic, and funding institutions, and a "Model Carabao Farmer" scheme to entice younger generation into carabao production are recommended.

Nicca Aira A. Marquez, Fe M. Valledor

Abstract:

The COVID-19 pandemic greatly affected the agricultural food system in the Philippines and abroad. This study focused on describing the status of rice farming in Catanduanes before and during the pandemic in four aspects namely production, post-harvest activities, marketing, and government intervention, and determining the perceived immediate impact of the pandemic on rice farming in the province. One-hundred thirty (130) rice farmers from all 11 municipalities were considered as the respondents of the study, which covers the first and second cropping of 2019 and 2020. Respondents of this study were mostly male tenants cultivating an average size of 1.375 ha of land with less than PHP 5,000.00 monthly income, while 50% of them are members of farmers’ or irrigators’ associations. The results of the study described that rice production during the pandemic was not hampered due to the lockdown since farmers’ mobility was not restricted. However, production costs changed due to the increased labor and fertilizer costs. Post-harvest costs also increased due to the increase in rice milling and transportation rental. The price of well-milled rice per kg and the number of bags of well-milled rice sold by farmers also increased during the pandemic. On the other hand, the government intensified the provision of free fertilizer and seeds to address the increasing cost of farm inputs. Although the conduct of training and techno-demo were limited during the pandemic, ATI in collaboration with local authorities made a way to provide online techno-gabay programs to farmers. The higher cost of transportation is perceived to be the most influencing effect caused by Covid-19 that affects rice farming in Catanduanes. It was observed that members of the farmers’ associations are informed of the projects and programs of the Department of Agriculture and can acquire production input support for their farms. This study emphasizes the empirical role of community organizations in these times of crisis.

Jaime T. Amante Jr.

Abstract:

Hindi matatawaran ang ambag o benepisyong dulot ng pananaliksik sa lahat ng larangan. Sa edukasyon, ang pananaliksik ang itinuturing na pundasyon ng mga bagong kaalamang inilalapat sa pagtuturo, pagsasagawa ng ekstensyon at produksiyon. Bunga ng patuloy na panawagan ng DepEd sa kaguruan na makiisa at makilahok sa gawaing pananaliksik, isinagawa ang pag-aaral na ito. Layunin nitong alamin ang estado at kakayahang pampananaliksik ng mga gurong nagtuturo ng kursong may kaugnayan sa pananaliksik sa antas senior high. Ang mga natuklasang datos ang ginawang batayan ng pagbuo ng mungkahing pang-ekstensyon. Sa pamamagitan nito, matutulungan silang matugunan ang mga suliraning kinakaharap sa gawaing pananaliksik. Natuklasan sa ginawang pag-aaral na katamtaman ang antas ng kanilang kakayahang pampananaliksik. Isang serye ng palihan sa pananaliksik ang mungkahing gawaing pang-ekstensyon na nabuo kaugnay ng pag-aaral na ito.

Jovert R. Balunsay, Jaime T. Amante Jr.

Abstract:

Ang pagtitigsik ay isa sa mga tradisyonal na panitikan ng mga Bikolano. Mayaman ito sa mga aspektong kultural dahil masasalamin dito ang mga kaugalian at paniniwala ng mga Bikolano. Sa papel na ito, mabusising sinuri ng mga mananaliksik ang 267 paskil na tigsik ni Engr. Abdon B. Balde Jr. at hinango sa mga ito ang samot-saring matatalinghagang pahayag kagaya ng mga idyoma at tayutay. Nagbigay din ng pagpapakahulugan ang mga mananaliksik sa mga nahangong matatalinghagang pahayag. Bunga nito, ang mga mananaliksik ay nakabuo ng kongklusyong, ang mga tigsik ni Balde ay mabisang hanguan ng mga matatalinghagang pahayag at isa sa mga paraan upang mapalaganap ang kasiningan sa ganitong uri at anyo ng pagtula.

Sarah Jane G. Triumfante

Abstract:

This study sought to determine the level of self-efficacy and academic performance of intermediate pupils at the Catanduanes State Uuniversity Laboratory Schools under blended learning approach. It employed the descriptive-correlational method of research, utilizing the questionnaire as the main data gathering instrument. General weighted average for the previous school year was used to determine the academic performance of the pupils. There were 92 intermediate pupils involved in the study. The study revealed that (1) the majority of the respondents are female, 28 are in Grade 4, and 32 are in Grades 5 and 6, (2) the academic performance of the pupils is very satisfactory, (3) the level of self-efficacy of the pupils is generally high, (4) there is a moderate relationship between self-efficacy and academic performance of the pupils, and (5) there is no significant difference in self-efficacy and the academic performance among the pupils in terms of sex and grade level. The study recommended that (1) faculty members should embed to the learners the strategy instruction in each areas of learning, (2) faculty members should also set high and clear expectations for a quality work, (3) parents must create at home an atmosphere where their children would feel that they are supported, and (4) the school administration can provide e-classrooms, interactive classrooms, and a variety of learning resources that will cater holistic development and develop full potentials among learners.